When you have completed the task of pagination, the next step in the workflow involves structuring.

Working again in the Metadata Editor, the aim is to identify and record all the relevant structure elements of the material in a tree-like list. In this step of the workflow, all the structure elements to be indexed for that source material are marked using as precise a descriptor as possible and allocated to the corresponding structure element within the hierarchy. By way of example, for a monograph this can mean that several chapters, a foreword, an afterword, an index and other structure elements can be added under the structure element Monograph. Further sub-elements can then be added under these structure elements and so on. In fact, the Metadata Editor allows you to create a hierarchy of elements with as many levels as you wish, including sub-chapters within chapters.

To start the task of organising the structure elements using the Metadata Editor, first select the Structure data option from the navigation bar. Goobi will display an overview of the available options. It is important to remember that all changes to the structure data depend on which structure element is currently selected in the structure tree on the left (highlighted in bold).

There are several ways in which you can subsequently modify the structure of a document.

One of these involves moving structure elements to a different position. To do this, first select the structure element from the structure tree. Next, in the Selected docstruct box, select the function Move docstruct up or Move docstruct down to move the selected element by one position in the required direction.

However, if you want to move the structure element to a different position within the hierarchy, you will need to select the function Move docstruct to other location. This will open a dialogue box in which you can specify exactly where you want to place the structure element. You will be able to select only from those locations permitted by the Goobi ruleset.

The list of elements from which you can select in the New structure element box will vary depending on which structure element has been activated. You can choose the position where you want to insert the new structure element from the following options:

Positions for new structure elements

The list of structure elements from which you can select will vary depending which of the four position options you choose. The range of elements available for selection depends on how the Goobi administrator has specifically defined the system for the current project using the freely configurable rulesets. Within certain structure elements, this means that structure data and metadata can be specified that are admissible within a given hierarchy. For example, within the structure element Monograph it is not possible to assign the structure element Periodical article, although you could assign a Chapter, which is a perfectly normal component of a monograph. Depending on this configuration, the list display will be based on the structure element currently selected in the left-hand navigation tree.

The fastest way of adding new structure elements in Goobi is to choose the option As last sub-element As last sub-element First page input box. Move forward until you come to the last page for the structure element you wish to add, and this time click on the image symbol next to the Last page input box. Clicking the image symbols instructs Goobi to apply the page number currently selected on the right of the image display. Using the little arrows on either side of the image icon, you can enter the page number for the preceding or following page. This allows you to allocate pages without spending an inordinate length of time moving between pages in the image display section. Next, click on Add structure element to insert this new structure element as the last sub-element within the current structure element. This is an efficient method of adding structure elements.

If you want to create additional sub-elements as part of a structure element that you have already added, first select the existing element to which you want them to belong. You can now use the same method as described above by adding each new structure element as the last sub-element.

This single step of the workflow therefore involves providing two important pieces of information. As well as identifying and recording the digital structure of the source material (to reflect its logical structure in the form of chapters, sub-chapters, forewords, afterwords, indices and any other structure elements that can be configured individually in your Goobi installation), when you add structure elements you are also providing the corresponding page ranges for each one of those elements.

Clicking on the small arrow symbols next to the First page and Last page text boxes instructs Goobi to set these as the beginning and end pages for that structure element. As the metadata file grows in the background, it will eventually be perfectly clear which page ranges correspond to which structure elements. If the digitised material is later made available for viewing, e.g. on a website, researchers will then be able to display all the pages corresponding to a particular sub-element, and sub-chapters downloaded in pdf format will always contain the correctly allocated pages.

For some structure elements, Goobi will display input fields below the selected type so that metadata can be allocated directly to the structure element. Which fields are displayed (e.g. main title, keywords) will depend on the structure type that has been selected and on the ruleset configurations in Goobi.

Goobi allows you to copy structure elements from the METS file of one process to another process. To do this, in the Selected docstruct box, select the function Import structure elements from another process. Goobi will display a tree view from which you can copy the required structure. You can then specify the target location within the current METS file.

First enter the name of the process from which you want to obtain the data, then click Search for process.

You can now choose one or more structure elements from the selected process by clicking on them. Once you have selected the required elements, click on the Next button to return to the structure tree for the process you are currently working on.

In this view, you can now select the structure element into which you want to insert the structure elements you have just copied from the other process. Please note that you can only select a target structure element that is allowed by the ruleset to contain the copied elements. Also, this function allows you to copy only logical structure elements from another process. This means that you cannot use this function to copy images and page allocations.

The main area of the Metadata Editor also contains a navigation bar to perform a range of steps during metadata indexing. Selecting Pagination, Structure data, Metadata and File replacement allows you to switch between the individual editing modes in the Metadata Editor. Each of these modes is explained in greater detail below and should be performed in the specified order.

Pagination is a key element of digitisation projects. It involves matching page labels (printed page numbers in the source material) to the scanned images. In older works, the page numbering often changes within the actual source text. Often, there is no printed page number, or the same page number is used more than once, and sometimes the pagination can change several times within a single work. A typical example of altered pagination occurs when the preface or introduction makes use of Roman numerals only to be replaced by Arabic numerals after the index.

To edit the pagination for the source work, open the pagination area in the Metadata Editor by clicking on the option in the navigation bar. Goobi will calculate the number of images in the current process folder and produce a vertical list. The box immediately to the right is used to allocate a pagination number to each image. As you can see below in the box entitled Page selection, Goobi has initially determined that all the pages should be numbered consecutively using Arabic numerals, beginning with the number 1.

Using either the keyboard combinations or the image navigation bar above the scanned image, you can now navigate through the entire set of images to obtain the printed page number for each image. In most cases, the first few pages of books do not contain a page number. Click the first checkbox for image 1 in the Page selection box. Next, in the Define pagination box, select unnumbered from the drop-down list and then click on the link From first selected page. For pagination purposes, you have now told Goobi to treat the volume as though it did not contain any printed page numbers. Next, move to the first image that shows a printed page number.

When you are selecting pages, please remember that you must go by the image number and not by the printed page number in the source. In Goobi, you can always tell which is the image number. Two numbers are always shown for each image, separated by a colon. The number on the left is the number of the file within the file system, i.e. the image number. The number to the right of the colon is the printed page number in the source, known as the page label. You should always take the image number (to the left of the colon) as your guide to avoid accidentally choosing the wrong pages. It is worth noting that in some source material the same printed page number (page label) can occasionally be used more than once.

Once you have identified the page where the pagination of the source material changes and marked the corresponding checkbox, choose the required pagination type in the Define pagination box. Next, enter the current page number/label and click once again on the link From first selected page. This will instruct Goobi to allocate the required page number to each image, beginning consecutively with the page you have selected.

Sometimes, the pagination of the source material can change more than once. Pages without a page number and repeated instances of the same page number occur frequently. Pages on which a new structure element begins (e.g. new chapters) but that do not contain a printed page number (although page numbering is continued on subsequent pages) are marked with a simulated pagination. This simulated pagination can be recognised in that a logical numbering is assumed despite the absence of a page number, and consequently the assumed page number is shown in brackets.

For efficient pagination, use the keyboard combinations described in section Overview of the keyboard combinations. Especially if the source is particularly large and you cannot or do not wish to check every page, you can ensure that your pagination is actually correct by checking a selection. In most cases, it is relatively easy to detect mismatches in the pagination. To do so, use the keyboard combinations to navigate 20 pages at a time through the set of images, comparing the printed page number on your selected page with the pagination numbers allocated through the automatic consecutive numbering option. You can identify mismatches where the pagination sequence no longer coincides with the sequence of printed page numbers.

Alternatively, you can at any time click the icon next to the page number in the Page selection box to display the corresponding image in the image display area on the right.

Goobi supports different page numbering methods for pagination purposes. As well as allocating Arabic and simulated Arabic page numbers, Roman and simulated Roman page numbers, free text and unnumbered pages, you can also specify the sequence to be used for consecutive numbering. Using the symbols in the Define pagination box, you can determine how the page sequence in the book should actually appear.

Goobi supports the following page sequences:

Pagination types supported by the Metadata Editor